THE HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE BENIGN ADRENAL GLAND TUMORS IN HUMAN(PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA)
Pheochromocytoma is a rare, fatal, benign neuroendocrine tumor of the adrenal glands, it occurs in adrenal gland of one to each 3000 person, arised from the adrenal medulla. as, it is arising from chromafin cells which are found mostly in the adrenal medulla. This tumor releases a large quantities of catecholamines hormones (adrenaline, Nor-adrenaline and dopamine). Hormons released by the tumer raise blood pressure, trigger headaches, sweating and panic attacks. Surgery is the primary treatment for pheochromocytoma after anti-adrenergic drugs have been taken to reduce the risk of fatal high blood pressure during surgery. Multiple endocrinal neoplasia, is a rare congenital type of pheochromocytoma, in such cases, patients are subjected to have multiple thyroidal, parathyroidal and adrenal glands diseases as shown in von hipple lindaue and neurofibromatosis type 1 patients. Patients with history of sudden and unknown cause hypertension and arrhythmia or those with history of adrenal mass are supposed to have pheochromocytoma, but some times none of these symptoms appeared so it is difficult to be diagnosed and even called the great disguised. surgically excised adrenal gland was taken from 3 patients at al zahrawy and Ibn sena hospital in mosul city/Iraq , then, a series of histological preparations was done in order to make a histological sections, starting from fixation, dehydration, clearing, embedding, histologic sectioning & staining. These sections revealed a plastic multinuclear, multi-formal cells(pleomorphism), increase of the blood vessels, cellular necrosis, increase in the acidic protein materials within cytoplasm, in addition to the hyperchromamacia,an increase in the cellular division &an increase in fibrotic tissue and thickness of adrenal capsule, with presence of tumoural cells beneath it, and disarrangements of these tumours in another section and might been multiformal in anothers . Following surgical removal, the remaining healthy adrenal gland can perform the functions of both glands, and blood pressure usually returns to normal.
Keywords: Pheochromocytoma, Adrenal Glands, Histological Changes, Benign Tumers.