IN VITRO SELECTION BASAL MEDIUM USED FOR SEEDS GERMINATION, CALLOGENESIS INDUCTION OF LOCAL VARIETIES OF VICIA FABA L
One of the most significant winter crops consumed by humans in the Middle East is the faba bean (Vicia faba L.). As many other vetches and field crops. The ability of this plant to withstand such a biotic stress may be improved with the help of tissue culture. This investigation was carried out to create and selection basal medium used for seeds germination, callogenesis induction in three Faba bean varieties, Baraqat, Iraqi and Halabi, extensively grown for personal consumption in Iran, Iraq, and Syria respectively. First seeds were sterilized and planted on a growth-regulatory-free MS basal medium. Germination rates ranked between 24.6 to 63% because of the lethal effect of phenolic compounds. Five types of explants excised on the in vitro obtained seedlings were used for callus initiation: stems, shoot tips, leaves, epicotyls, and parts of the roots. They were put on MS basal medium that had been increased by BAP at a dosage of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/l.. Depending on the genotypes, explants, and medium, callogenesis rates ranged from 33.33 to 100%. In terms of callogenesis rate and callus weight, shoot tip segments grown on media with BAP at 1 and 1.5 mg/l generated the highest outcomes of all three kinds. Even though it wasn't the goal of this study, the creation of somatic embryos was conceivably achievable (33%) throughout this study and happened just 2 months after calluses started, suggesting the embryogenic ability of such calluses for the 3 kinds examined.
Keywords: Faba Bean, Landraces, Callogenesis